Introduction: Acute otitis media is defined as an acute inflammation of the middle ear cavity whose course does not exceed two to three weeks. Particularly common in children, it is observed in 62% of children under one year old, and in 83% of children under 3 years old.

It is a frequent reason for outpatient ENT consultations, estimated to be one in three consultations for children under five years old [2]. Children are more affected than adults. Indeed, although acute otitis media is generally benign, the possible occurrence of serious complications (mastoiditis, meningitis) and sequelae (hearing loss) has led many to use systematic antibiotic therapy, despite a spontaneous recovery rate of up to 80%.Three out of four children have had at least one episode of acute otitis media before the age of 2. The objective of this work was to study the therapeutic principles of acute otitis media in children from 0 to 15 years of age in our department.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in the ENT department of the Cs ref of commune IV over a period of three months from March 1 to May 30, 2020. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The following variables: age, sex, occupation, risk factors, clinical appearance, treatment and course were studied. 

Results: We identified 85 cases of acute otitis media in three months, the average age was 29 months with extremes from 01 months to 15 years. We observed a slight male predominance (60%). We observed a slight male predominance (60%). The main contributing factors were: nasopharyngitis (87.1%) followed by presence of children in community life (28.24%) and hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) (15%). The main contributing factors were: nasopharyngitis (87.1%) followed by presence of children in community life (28.24%) and hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) (15%).The main clinical signs were otalgia (25.88%), otorrhea (21.18%) and fever (12.94%). The attack was unilateral in 59% of cases and affected more the left side (66.3%). The most recovered stage was undrained purulent otitis media 35.59%. Treatment was based on antibiotic in 95.29% of cases, analgesic in 85% and the only complication found was acute mastoiditis.

Conclusion: Acute otitis media mainly concerns children. It affects both boys and girls. Management is based on antibiotic therapy and complications are rare.

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